What technical advance occurred in Christianized Europe during the Middle Ages?

A recent British study (Dunn et al., 2009 ) found that _____ in depressed individuals is associated with depressed-specific anhedonic (loss of pleasure) symptoms

a) reduced positive self-judgment bias b) moderate levels of self-esteem c) low levels of restricted schemas d) none of the above

Suppose that some researchers conduct a study about cognitive abilities, and they find a relatively large gender difference. From this information, you would expect to find that

a. the overlap in the frequency distributions for males and females will be relatively small. b. the gender difference is likely to be biologically based (e.g., caused by hormonal differences). c. the same results are likely to be obtained if the study is conducted in a different social setting. d. the same results are likely to be obtained if the study is conducted with participants who are either older or younger.