How many additional groups would be required to conduct a 3 X 2 X 3 factorial design compared to a 3 X 2 X 2 design?

Classical conditioning:

a. is primarily concerned with reflexes. b. is primarily concerned with involuntary responses. c. is passive. d. all of the above

After you are aware that a stimulus exists, the _____ threshold is reached when you are then able to notice an increase or decrease in that stimulus

a) comparative b) standard c) difference d) absolute