Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure

When it comes to shyness,

a. there is no neural basis. b. it is constant over time. c. inhibited children are always socially anxious in adolescence. d. it is not constant over time.

Zane has been shocked on six separate occasions while making toast. However, he doesn't seem to have developed a phobia toward toasters. Zane's only phobia is toward spiders, because he once had a big spider fall in his shirt when he was child. Zane's pattern of phobias illustrates the concept of

a. signal relations. b. negative avoidance. c. superstitious responding. d. preparedness.