Which of the following measures offset proportions of a normal curve that are above and below the mean?

The term Baltes uses to describe the "hardware" of the mind, meaning the neurophysiological architecture of the brain that was developed through evolution, is

cognitive mechanics. crystallized pragmatics. cognitive perceptions. crystallized intelligence.

Piaget's stage of "formal operational thinking" has been the subject of many years of

cross-cultural research. This body of research has revealed that a. this developmental stage is found to occur in the vast majority of the societies studied. b. individuals in many societies never exhibit this typeof thinking. c. formal operational thinking is determined entirely by culture rather than individual experience. d. all adolescents and adults in Western technological cultures display formal operational thinking.