__________ have historically had very low participation rates in elections

F is a ratio of

A) within-groups variation divided by between-groups variation. B) between-groups variation divided by within-groups variation. C) external validity divided by internal validity. D) internal validity divided by external validity.

For the 8,000 or so certiorari requests it receives each year, the Supreme Court's rule to determine whether any given case is heard is ______.

A. at least one of the nine justices must favor hearing the case B. four of the nine justices must favor hearing the case C. five of the nine justices must favor hearing the case D. the justices must unanimously favor hearing the case