To determine whether a file was opened successfully, one can use the ___________ fstream member function

a. close( )
b. overloaded operator <<( )
c. open( )
d. eof( )
e. flush( )

e)
Explanation: e) fail( ) returns a bool value of true if the file is in a failed state, and false if the file state can provide i/o. Part a) is used without argument to close the file to prevent file corruption, a possibility if the program terminates abnormally. Part b) has nothing to do with opening a file. Part c) is used with a C-string file name (either literal or C-string variable) to open the file and connect the stream to the file name. Part d) returns a type bool value of true if the file pointer has attempted to read at end of file. (To read beyond end of file is an error.)