Cryptographic file systems are another use of _______.

In JavaScript, the relational test, birth_year > 1944 && birth_year < 1965, is

a. true if birth_year is 1952 b. true if birth_year is less than 1965 c. false if birth_year is greater than 1944 d. none of the above

Information from one layer is transferred to the next by means of commands called ____.

A. primitives B. pointers C. primaries D. messages