Government leadership is in the hands of an established social elite and the level of participation by ordinary citizens in the policymaking process is relatively low in which of the following types of political culture?

Which of the following was a major reason why the reform movement in Iran stalled in 2004?

A. There was popular rejection of the clerics who were pursuing reform. B. There was an uprising among industrialists who felt they would not benefit from reform. C. The Council of Guardians disallowed 2,000 of the reform candidates. D. There was squabbling among reform-minded leaders.

How might a governor use a "rainy day" fund?

a. To tap into money for weather-related disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina. b. For extra funding for a popular program when his popularity ratings are low. c. To supplement state revenues during bad economic times. d. To pay for emergency extensions of aid for state aid recipients.