When George agrees to participate in a research study, he is told that he may quit at any point for any reason. The reason for this option of quitting is required by the ethical guideline the text refers to as:

A nurse finds that children feel less pain if he gives

them reassurance before giving an injection. He should also consider doing any of the following EXCEPT a. asking them to concentrate on humming a favorite tune. b. asking them to be looking at the stickers and deciding which two they want after the injection. c. informing them of what he is going to do and answering their questions. d. telling the children to think angry thoughts while they focus on the painful injection.

The 1972 Surgeon General's Report on media violence found that the causal link between violence and the media

a. was consistent and pervasive b. held only for adults c. operated only on some children in some contexts d. none of the above