Emerging adults in the West are more likely than older adults to be involved in organizations devoted to particular issues such as racism

The Big Five personality traits

are unstable throughout much of adulthood. apply only to people living in North America. include five unhealthy ways of functioning in midlife. become quite stable by age 30.

Which of the following illustrates the use of a within-subjects design?

a. The artistic abilities of males are compared to the artistic abilities of females. b. Children at three different age levels are given a test of their motor coordination. c. Participants are given a spelling test, asked to meditate for ten minutes, and then given another spelling test. d. One group of participants is given a compliment before solving problems and a second group is criticized before solving problems.