Briefly explain grammar and vocabulary development in children.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. By the age of six, the child's vocabulary has expanded to nearly 10,000 words. By seven to nine years of age, most children realize that words can have different meanings, and they become entertained by riddles and jokes that require semantic sophistication. (Remember the joke at the beginning of the section on cognitive development.) By the age of eight or nine, children are able to form "tag questions," in which the question is tagged on to the end of a declarative sentence, such as "You want more ice cream, don't you?" and "You're sick, aren't you?" (Weckerly et al., 2004).Children make subtle advances in articulation and in the capacity to use complex grammar. Preschoolers have difficulty understanding passive sentences such as "The truck was hit by the car," but children in the middle years have less difficulty interpreting them (Aschermann et al., 2004).During these years, children develop the ability to use connectives, as illustrated by the sentence "I'll eat my spinach, but I don't want to." They also learn to form indirect object-direct object constructions (e.g., "She showed her sister the toy.").
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The physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals is called
a) elder ignorance. b) ageism. c) elder abuse. d) age discrimination.
Regarding social phobias, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Less than one percent of all adults are affected by social phobias in a given year. b. It is common for people with social phobias to have uncomfortable physical symptoms, such as sweating, hands shaking, mental confusion, and blushing. c. People with social phobias avoid social situations, such as eating in public or using public rest rooms, enduring these situations with intense distress when they cannot be avoided. d. Social phobias greatly impair a person's ability to work, attend school, or form personal relationships.