Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time, a state of _____________ exists
A) groupthink
B) justification of effort
C) cognitive dissonance
D) self determinism
Answer: C
Rationale: Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual has two thoughts (cognitions) that are inconsistent with each other (dissonance) and, as a result, experiences motivation to reduce the discrepancy.
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Opposition to social influence on all occasions is called _______
a. reactance b. dissent c. anticonformity d. dissonance
Caroline is interested in determining how squirrels find the caches of nuts they buried several months earlier. She watches the squirrels in a park and notices that they tend to bury food near landmarks, such as trees or benches
She predicts that moving these landmarks after the squirrels have buried their food will prevent them from finding it later on, and designs an experiment to test her prediction. Caroline's approach is an example of A) pseudoscience. B) the scientific method. C) the psychoanalytic model. D) the biopsychological model.