In Steele's 1997 study on race and academic performance, he administered a difficult academic test to black and white students. Some students were told it was a lab test, others were told it was a test of academic ability

Which of the following best describes the outcome of this study?
a. Individuals in both conditions performed poorly regardless of their race.
b. White students performed better than black students regardless of which testing condition they were assigned.
c. Black students performed better than white students regardless of which testing condition they were assigned.
d. When told the test was a lab test, there were no racial differences in performance; when told it was a test of academic ability, there were racial differences in performance.

d