Hyperventilation should generally be avoided during mechanical ventilatory support. Exceptions to this rule include:
1. Trying to calm an agitated patient.
2. Failure of other methods to reduce intracranial pressure.
3. Hypokalemia causing cardiac arrhythmias.
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 only
d. 1 and 2 only
ANS: C
Hyperventilation should be used temporarily after traumatic brain injury until other methods can be used to decrease elevated intracranial pressure.
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An elderly female fell down three steps and now complains of back pain. After performing the primary assessment, which question would be most important to ask first?
A) "Did you become dizzy and fall or slip and then fall?" B) "Why did you not use the ramp on the other side?" C) "Do you have a history of high blood pressure?" D) "Which medications are you taking?"