Twin studies have been of particular importance in the study of abnormal behavior because they have
a. identified genetic vs. environmental contributions to psychological disorders
b. examined similarities between twins from different families
c. shown that MZ twins in different environments develop different disorders
d. shown that identical twin are never truly identical
Ans: a. identified genetic vs. environmental contributions to psychological disorders
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When the author of the textbook, Laurence Steinberg, says that "Some researchers have argued that the question of whether self-esteem is stable during adolescence is a poor one," what does he mean?
A. Researchers have argued that asking whether self-esteem is stable is a poor question because it is impossible to measure self-esteem, let alone measure whether it changes during adolescence. B. Researchers have argued that asking whether self-esteem is stable is a poor question because self-esteem does not change across development; self-esteem is one of the most stable traits. C. Researchers have argued that asking whether self-esteem is stable is a poor question because group averages often hide substantial differences between people. D. Researchers have argued that asking whether self-esteem is stable is poor because the answer is incredibly obvious and, as a result, it does not deserve any more scientific research.
A __________ fulfills a basic physical need for survival and does not depend on learning
a) primary reinforcer b) secondary reinforcer c) partial reinforcer d) discriminative stimulus