Under Landrum-Griffin, local unions must elect officers at least once every three years exclusively by secret ballot

Which of the following examples highlights the contrast effect when a leader provides a performance evaluation for a subordinate?

a. Comparing the employee with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on similar characteristics b. Comparing the employee's most recent performance with overall expectations of performance c. Comparing the employee's performance with leader expectations for what the job role requires d. Comparing the employee's performance with his or her performance from the last evaluation period

Which system increases employee productivity for supermarkets?

a. debit card system b. self-scanning c. outsourcing d. data-base management