Patronage systems typically involve ______.

Why might bilateral cooperation be more difficult to achieve than multilateral?

a. There are fewer players involved. b. There are more powerful players involved. c. Both players fear the other may defect from any agreement reached. d. Multilateral bargains usually deal with relatively uncontroversial issues. e. Concerns over relative gains loom large when there are only two major players.

Which of the following circumstances creates difficulties in the implementation of federal laws?

a. when Congress passes a law that contains ambiguity b. when Congress calls agency heads to testify at formal hearings c. when each chamber of Congress is controlled by a different party d. when the president belongs to a different party than the majority party in Congress