According to _____ theory, learning is controlled by the consequences of an organism's behavior

When we are faced with a seemingly impossible obstacle, we are often advised to "consider it a challenge." This exhortation recommends a process termed:

a) attitude adjustment. b) reattribution. c) cognitive dissonance. d) reappraisal.

Hal, age 60, is concerned about his mortality. According to the text, Hal is statistically most likely to die from:

a. an accident, suicide, or homicide b. cancer c. chronic liver disease d. HIV infection resulting in AIDS