Goals seem to have a more substantial effect on performance when the ________

A) goals are generalized (like "Do your best") rather than specific
B) tasks are complex rather than simple
C) tasks are novel rather than well learned
D) goals are easy rather than difficult
E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent

E
Explanation: E) Specific goals produce a higher level of output than does the generalized goal of "do your best." Difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals. The evidence suggests goals seem to have a more substantial effect on performance when tasks are simple rather than complex, well learned rather than novel, and independent rather than interdependent.