Neuroscientists have found different neural patterns within the same child in response to words from the dominant versus non-dominant language as early as _____ months of age

School-age children would most admire

Timmy, whose mother kisses him good-bye at school. Marla, who was punished for not telling the teacher who threw a paper airplane. Mary, who is the third-grade teacher's favorite. Billy, who spends most of his free time with adults.

According to the information in the article Yoking Smokingabout operant conditioning, my dog barks in

the middle of the night, hoping I will wake up and feed him. I want him to stop doing this, so I throw a pillow at him. I am using (a) positive reinforcement (b) negative reinforcement (c) positive punishment (d) negative punishment