One of the criteria that may be used to classify an individual as gifted is:
a. a score higher than 130 on a standardized intelligence test
b. a score higher than 100 on a standard intelligence test
c. a score more than 1 standard deviation from the mean on a standardized intelligence test
d. a mental age that exceeds chronological age by more than 3 years
A
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Jeff's mother points to a tree and says, "tree." Jeff knows that the word "tree" refers to the tree and not to a branch or a leaf because of what Markman (1989, 1992) referred to as the ___ constraint
a. fast mapping b. mutual-exclusivity c. taxonomic d. whole-object
An experiment by Bower and Wishart (1972) involving a transparent cup ruled out which of the following accounts of object permanence?
a. infants lack the necessary coordination to retrieve an object that is placed under a container b. infants do not understand that an object continues to exist when it is hidden c. infants' representations of hidden objects are not strong enough to elicit reaching behaviors d. none of the above