A court order to a public official to perform an act that is legally required is called a(n)

Why must we be realistic about expectations when presidents are facing difficulties in implementing their unilateral actions?

A) In practice, there is really no way for the other branches to resist presidential action. B) Policy changes under a separation-of-powers system always come in fits and starts. C) It is much easier to convince bureaucrats to execute laws than to convince them to execute unilateral actions. D) The lack of self-executing mechanisms in presidential unitary actions increases their failure rate.

Which of the following is true of the "surge" under the Bush administration in 2007?

A) It helped al Qaeda gain control over most of Iraq. B) It led to the complete withdrawal of the U.S. troops from Iraq. C) It resulted in many Sunnis allying with the Americans. D) It helped the insurgents in Iraq gain tremendous power. E) It funded the interethnic war in Iraq.