In The Federalist Papers, James Madison warned against __________

A researcher hypothesizes that individuals differ in support for a balanced budget amendment based upon their partisan affiliation. He controls for education level and finds that highly educated Democrats are 27 points less likely to support a balanced budget amendment than highly educated Republicans but Democrats with lower education are 2 points more likely to support a balanced budget than Republicans with lower education. What’s going on here?

a. An additive relationship between education and partisanship b. A spurious relationship between education and partisanship c. A zero-order relationship between education and partisanship d. An interaction between education and partisanship

Compared to the Bush administration, the Obama administration has placed a greater emphasis on ______ in foreign policy.

A. deterrence B. military defense actions C. diplomacy and foreign aid D. economic trade policies