What does the release of the "stress hormones" cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine lead to in the long term?
a) increased digestive system activity
b) reduced effectiveness of the immune system
c) decreased levels of calcium, which leads to loss of bone mass
d) increased hormone levels to the point where the body can no longer dispose of them
B
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Which of the following best describes the principle of natural selection?
a. A species constantly improves as parents pass along their best traits to their offspring. b. Over time, the amino acids producing defective traits are destroyed by the body. c. Individuals with genetically influenced traits that are adaptive in a particular environment tend to survive and reproduce. d. If a trait or characteristic is no longer adaptive, then the environment will create better, more adaptive traits.
Which of the following abilities improves, or increases, with advancing age into older adulthood?
a. perceptual speed b. verbal memory c. numeric ability d. wisdom