Five year old Jaime performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4 year old. Jaime's mental age is:

Karen was once attacked by a robber in her bedroom. After that incident, she feels very afraid to go into her bedroom. In this scenario, Karen's fear is based on a(n) _____ association

A) ?S-U B) ?S-S C) ?S-R D) ?Both a and b are correct.

Postformal thought is

A. realistic. B. contextual. C. reflective. D. All of these choices are correct.