Critics often argue that Kohlberg's theory of moral development is based on a
A) justice orientation.
B) community orientation.
C) divinity orientation.
D) social order orientation.
A) justice orientation. Critics argue that Kohlberg's stages are based on a justice orientation of morality. That is, in Kolhberg's theory morality involves justice, individual responsibility, and preservation of individual rights. In some cultures, however, justice is not the factor people emphasize when making moral judgments.
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Which of the following best describes an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
a. Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation. b. Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for the deception. c. Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name. d. They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.
____ occurs at the beginning of the research study, whereas the ____ occurs at the end
a. Debriefing; confidentiality b. Confidentiality; reliability c. Informed consent; debriefing d. Debriefing; informed consent