An important standard of research ethics is that researchers must keep all information obtained from participants private. In particular, researchers must never reveal participants' names or other identifying information. This is referred to as

A) confidentiality.
B) informed consent.
C) nonharmful procedures.
D) implications of research.

A) confidentiality. Most research reports give only group averages or scores accumulated across many participants. Reports that give data from individuals must be anonymous.