The Constitution of 1869 provided for the creation of ______

Which of the following best describes the consumer price index?

a. Average annual expenditures b. An imaginary budget based on the prices of goods c. An annual adjustment to wages in response to rising prices d. What an American might typically spend in a year for staple items e. The lowest possible budget on which one might live

It happens occasionally that a student who is in one of our classes has previously taken the class from another instructor. The repeater students will comment that the class is so much easier with us as instructors

Now, we might want to believe that we are such great instructors that student learning (the dependent variable) has drastically improved because of us (the independent variable). However, which threat to internal validity better explains the increase in student learning? a. attrition b. testing c. diffusion of treatment d. instrumentation