At the beginning of chapter 5 in the Are You Equipped exercise, the two competing commercials served as the independent variable

How does criminal law differ from civil law with regard to charges and punishments?

A) Only criminal law allows for imprisonment as a punishment. B) Criminal law does not allow for the use of fines as does civil law. C) The two terms are interchangeable. D) Civil law grants no authority to sue for monetary damages. E) An offender cannot be charged with both a criminal and a civil offense.

Under Presidents Nixon and Reagan, we saw a __________, mainly through __________.

A. centralization of power; use of the supremacy clause B. centralization of power; use of the commerce clause C. centralization of power; Constitutional amendments D. devolution of power to the states; block grants E. devolution of power to the states; categorical grants