What type of melody is used in the accompanied recitative sections of La Traviata?

The harmonic idiom of this excerpt can best be characterized as?

a) diatonic b) chromatic c) pandiatonic d) modal

In response to the new realistic drama of the late nineteenth century, ________ devised a system to teach performers how to achieve the necessary believability.

A. Konstantin Stanislavski B. Henrik Ibsen C. Jacques Copeau D. Henry Irving