In an effort to have neutral stimuli to use in his experiments, Ebbinghaus introduced the__________

Pessimism and other symptoms of depression can set the

stage for negative life events, but at the same time negative life events can also lead to pessimism and other symptoms of depression. The uncertainty of the direction by which these relationships exist indicates the importance of remembering the principle of A) extraordinary claims. B) replicability. C) correlation versus causation. D) Occam's Razor.

Travis conducts a study in which half the participants listen to a speech about immigration policy from a credible communicator and the other half hears the same speech from a less credible source

The participants then indicate their attitudes about immigration. The audience's attitudes are the a. dependent variable b. independent variable c. operational definition d. demand characteristic