Which of the following pathologies is the most common cause of pleural effusions in clinical practice?
a. Hepatic disease
b. Acute renal failure
c. Congestive heart failure
d. Cor pulmonale
ANS: C
CHF is the most common cause of pleural effusions in clinical practice. The effusions can be massive, filling the entire hemithorax and compressing the lung. More commonly, they are small and bilateral.
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Neonatal patients are more vulnerable to rapid deterioration because of ________________
a. high chest wall compliance b. low functional residual capacity c. smaller surface area for gas exchange d. presence of fetal hemoglobin
A pediatric patient intubated with a 3.5-mm endotracheal tube is receiving pressure support ven-tilation. The respiratory therapist notes patient-ventilator asynchrony and a rapid deceleration of flow that prematurely ends inspiration
The most appropriate action to alleviate this is which of the following? a. Increase the PS level. b. Increase the rise time. c. Decrease the PS level. d. Increase the flow cycle.