A speaker says, "Scientists who perform operations on animals in laboratories are not interested in getting scientific knowledge-they enjoy inflicting suffering on animals. Therefore, we must stop the use of animals in experiments." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

For the launch of its new sports bike, the MX100, Ciata Motors releases an advertising campaign. The company then assigns the PR team to analyze the public reception of the advertisement

It also wants to know whether the ad affected young people and what impact it had on them. What method should the PR team useto achieve these objectives, and why? 00a. The PR team should measure the audience awareness; this will help them learn how well the public accepts the new bike. b. The PR team should create its own social media page; this will help them to interact directly with the youth. c. The PR team should form an advisory board; this will help them to obtain periodic feedback and evaluation. d. The PR team should calculate the media impressions; this will help them to find out exactly how many people viewed the advertisement.

Which upward communication tactic would Sheila be using with her boss by offering suggestions adamantly without being rude?

a. ingratiation b. rationality c. empowerment d. assertiveness