Define phonological similarity and the word-length effects. What do these two findings show us about working memory?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The phonological similarity effect occurs when items simultaneously stored in working memory have to be serially recalled. Under these conditions, performance is significantly worse when the items to be maintained all sound the same. The word-length effect occurs when performance on a recall task is worse for long words than short words. The assumption is that longer words take longer to rehearse and, therefore, fewer items are rehearsed compared to short words. The unrehearsed words are then dropped from the phonological store. These tasks provide evidence for one component of working memory that maintains sound information (phonological store) and another component involved with articulatory processing (articulatory rehearsal).
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