Cognitive psychologists hold that depressed people become depressed because they feel hopeless, believing that nothing good will ever happen to them

Max is very fearful of airplanes. If he does fly, he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport. With his therapist, Max is focusing on the D component of Ellis's A-B-C theory. Which of the following best exemplifies the type of work Max and his therapist might do while working on the D component?

a) Identifying more specifically the trigger for Max's anxiety b) Discovering the event(s) in Max's personal history that may have contributed to his fear of airplanes c) Challenging Max's beliefs about the dangers of airplanes d) Designing exposures to the emotional consequence to make Max more accustomed to high levels of anxiety

Maggie spreads rumors about Ashley and tells her friends not to be friends with Ashley. This is most clearly an example of:

a. instrumental aggression b. hostile aggression c. relational aggression d. territorial aggression