The rat maze was introduced in the research of Willard S. Small

Lately, 15-year-old Aaron has been hanging out with kids who are always in trouble. Twice he

was expelled for fighting, and other kids think ofhim now as a bully. He defies the curfew his parents have set for him, and once he even threatened his mother if she did not give him money. This seems to be a stark contrast to how he acted just a few years ago, getting high grades, having a small group of friends who stayed out of trouble. Why is Aaron acting the way that he is? a. He is a juvenile delinquent. b. He has depressive disorder. c. He has bipolar disorder. d. He has adolescent-onset conduct disorder.

When non-English-speaking children are initially taught in their native language, while at the same time learning English, this is called __________

a) bilingualism b) bilingual education c) pragmatics d) metalinguistics