The bullwhip effect refers to the increasing fluctuations in orders that often occur as orders move through the supply chain

The four determinants of group cohesiveness are (1) group size, (2) effectively managed diversity, (3) group identity and healthy competition, and (4) _________.

-success -social loafing -dynamics -conformity -friendship

Unrealized losses on investments

a. as a component of operating income b. as a non-operating income item (other income or expense) c. as a discontinued operation d. as an item of other comprehensive income