What appears to be the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections for patients receiving mechanical ventilation?
A. premorbid lifestyle
B. difficult intubation
C. aspiration
D. airflow obstruction
?ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: See explanation C.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation C.
C. Correct response: For lower respiratory tract infections to occur, the balance between host defenses and microbial propensity for invasion must be shifted in favor of developing pneumonia. The majority of these infections appear to result in aspiration of potential pathogens that have colonized the oropharyngeal airways. Once an adequate concentration of pathogens is present in distal lung tissue and is able to overcome host defenses, pneumonia develops.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation C.
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The neurotransmitter released by lower motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction is:
a. Acetylcholine b. Norepinephrine c. Serotonin d. Glutamate
Which of the following statements regarding soft-tissue injuries is correct?
A) Most soft-tissue injuries require immediate care to prevent blood loss. B) They are often the most obvious, but are seldom the most life threatening. C) Soft-tissue injuries should be covered immediately upon patient contact. D) Most soft-tissue injuries are hidden and require a systematic assessment.