Which of the following is an open organizational design?

Jeremy crashes his friend John's car because he is an incompetent driver. Emily, John's sister, is outraged and wants John to sue his friend. John refuses to file a case against his long-time friend

Which of the following is Emily allowed to do in this situation? A) She can sue Jeremy on John's behalf, as she has standing to sue. B) She can sue Jeremy, provided that John gives his consent. C) She can file a case in the state court where she will have standing to sue. D) She cannot sue Jeremy as she has no stake in the outcome of the case.

Actions taken in the course of placing and filling orders that lead to an increase in variability are referred to as

A) incentive obstacles. B) information processing obstacles. C) operational obstacles. D) pricing obstacles.