What is marginal external cost? Give an example
What will be an ideal response?
Marginal external cost is the additional cost that is imposed on someone other than the producer of the good or service. An example is the sulfur dioxide and other chemicals emitted by utility companies in the Midwest. These pollutants travel north with the winds, causing acid rain that harms vegetation and kills fish in the Northeast of the United States.
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Having product differentiation means that a firm
a. cannot raise its price without suffering substantial loss of sales b. shifts the demand for the product to the left c. produces a good that is only a close substitute, at best, for the goods produced by other firms in the industry d. produces a good that is a perfect substitute for the goods produced by other firms in the industry e. has no incentive to advertise
Assume that the government increases spending and finances the expenditures by borrowing in the domestic capital markets. If the nation has low mobility international capital markets and a flexible exchange rate system, what happens to the quantity of real loanable funds per time period and net nonreserve-related international borrowing/lending in the context of the Three-Sector-Model?
a. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period rises, and net nonreserve-related international borrowing/lending becomes more positive (or less negative). b. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period rises, and net nonreserve-related international borrowing/lending becomes more negative (or less positive). c. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period falls, and net nonreserve-related international borrowing/lending becomes more positive (or less negative). d. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period and net nonreserve-related international borrowing/lending remain the same. e. There is not enough information to determine what happens to these two macroeconomic variables.