Line communication is always vertical communication up and down the hierarchy of an organization

What are the positive effects of an organized message over a disorganized message?

What will be an ideal response?

Disinhibitory effects operate in a way that such:

a. none of these choices b. The effects of seeing a model punished for a behavior, thus reducing thelikelihood that the observer will engage in that behavior c. The effects of seeing a model rewarded for a prohibited or threateningbehavior, thus increasing the likelihood that the observer will engage in thatbehavior d. The observation of an effect is sufficient to learn that behavior