When expectancies are _________, individuals tend to disengage from further efforts

Imagine that your professor is discussing the prevalence of psychological disorders in the general population, and he says, "A study conducted in 2012 estimated that about 11% of the population has a psychological disorder at any one time."

If you were to estimate a confidence interval, based on this numberâ€"11%â€"you would be most likely a. to use the confirmation bias inappropriately. b. to estimate this range by using the availability heuristic, which would be biased because of recent examples. c. to rely too heavily on an anchor, and not make large enough adjustments to that anchor. d. to use decision frames inappropriately.

When researchers compared infants who were in daycare for varying hours each week, they found that

a. day care has no significant effect on the security of a child's attachment. b. even a few hours of day care per week significantly impacts the security of a child's attachment. c. 30 or more hours per week in day care decreases secure attachment. d. 15 or more hours per week in day care decreases secure attachment.