If the required reserve ratio is 20 percent and commercial bankers decide to hold additional excess reserves equal to 5 percent of any newly acquired checkable deposits, then the effective monetary multiplier for the banking system will be:

How does a firm in a competitive market decide what level of output to produce in order to maximize its profit?

What will be an ideal response?

The IS curve shifts to the left where there is

A) a reduction in current taxes. B) an increase in expected future taxes. C) an increase in expected future output. D) all of the above E) none of the above