In a nonequivalent control-group design with groups that differ at pretest, if the control group shows a small change while the experimental group shows a marked change over time, you might conclude that
A) there is no effect of the independent variable.
B) there may have been an effect of the independent variable, but it may have been confounded by regression to the mean.
C) the effect is due to instrumentation.
D) the effect is due to demand characteristics of the setting.
Answer: B
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Which of the following characterizes the political system established by the revolutionaries after the Russian Revolution in 1917?
A. Political power was largely decentralized. B. Numerous political parties of unequal size and power contended for political sovereignty at the center. C. Dissenting political opinions were repressed. D. Political repression by the ruling party was abolished and a democratic regime was founded. E. The Communist Party was voted out of power.
Peter filed a suit against St. Paul Church. Before trial the church offered Peter $10,000 to settle the claim outside of court. Peter accepted the money. Peter and the church agreed that the trial should take place even though neither would consider the results binding. Peter wants to find out if he would have won and what amount of damages the jury would have come up with. The church wants the
court to define the limits of charitable immunity. What should the court do under these circumstances? a. Dismiss the case as being moot because the parties settled. b. Issue an advisory opinion to set a precedent on the doctrine of charitable immunity. c. Rule on charitable immunity as it is a case or controversy and the parties have standing. d. Grant a JNOV because the case is ripe.