The medical director (a doctor) of a nursing care facility observes that patients seem to be livelier after doing physical activity. She decides to create a regular exercise class for all residents and recommends it to them as part of her specific medical advice. She plans to observe whether patients will become livelier over the long run. This is an example of:

How are quasi-experimental designs different from low-constraint methods?

A) Quasi-experiments have only one level of the independent variable. B) Low-constraint methods do not attempt to answer questions of causality. C) Low-constraint methods try to control confounding variables. D) Quasi-experiments take place in a laboratory.

While Congress may have the broader power to “make war,” the Founding Fathers feared that the nation might ______.

a. find itself in a unilateral military operation with a foreign power without Congress’s authorization b. be unable to respond quickly to threats when Congress was not in session c. be susceptible to military invasion by foreign powers without proper protection d. lack centralized military expertise and leadership under presidential authority