In auscultating the precordium of a patient, you hear a high-pitched "whooshing" noise occurring simultaneously with S1. This finding is most consistent with which of the following?
a. Incompetent mitral valve
b. Stenotic tricuspid valve
c. Incompetent pulmonic valve
d. Stenotic mitral valve
ANS: A
Systolic murmurs are produced by an incompetent atrioventricular (AV) valve or a stenotic semi-lunar valve. An incompetent AV valve allows a backflow of blood into the atrium, usually pro-ducing a high-pitched "whooshing" noise simultaneously with S1.
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