In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________ variable

Sandra, age 27 years, was a participant in the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project, randomly assigned to the control group. Based on the findings of this longitudinal study, and compared to children in the intervention group, it is likely that she

a. spent more time in special education in elementary school b. had comparable achievement test scores in high school c. had lower IQ scores from the beginning of the project d. earns a lower income

Which of the following best summarizes the paradigm of successful aging proposed by Rowe and Kahn?

A) The healthiest response to old age is to maintain the greatest possible level of activity and involvement in the greatest number of roles. B) An aging adult is not governed by the expectations of others that she fulfill certain roles. C) Religious coping and the use of religious belief and practice are effective means of adapting to aging. D) Successful aging integrates components of physical, cognitive, and social health that are influenced by earlier behaviors and decisions.