What is the primary cause of RDS in the newborn?
a. Underdevelopment of alveolar type I cells
b. Deficiency or abnormality of pulmonary surfactant
c. Hypoxia causing pulmonary hypoperfusion
d. Excessive amniotic fluid in the lungs
B
RDS is caused by the abnormality or deficiency of pulmonary surfactant from the alveolar type II cells. It is most likely that pulmonary hypoperfusion is a secondary response to the surfactant abnormality and related hypoxia. Alveolar type I cells allow for easy gas exchange and do not produce surfactant. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is caused by the delayed absorption of fetal amniotic lung fluid.
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The kidneys, ureters, pancreas, and abdominal aorta are located in the:
A) scaphoid abdomen. B) retroperitoneal abdomen. C) true abdomen. D) intrathoracic abdomen.
Which of the following types of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) oxygenates the blood, but does not support cardiac output?
A) venoarterial route B) venovenous route C) arterial route D) venous route