9 When the Supreme Court issues a "collective" unsigned opinion in a case, its brief decision is referred to as:

The New Deal programs instituted during the Great Depression of the 1930s created

a. the welfare state. b. millions of new jobs in the private sector. c. renewed tensions between the United States and Great Britain. d. a total distrust of government among most Americans. e. a hatred of big government.

What did the Pendleton Act do?

a. Applied to state governments only. b. Created the "spoils system." c. Ignored needed requirements for public service. d. Created a civil service system of hiring. e. Established the Electoral College.