Beginning in the late 1880s, the Supreme Court used substantive due process, as well as the Commerce Clause, the Tenth Amendment and related constitutional provisions, to protect _______________ from ________________

Germany has a __________ of government because the local governments have only the autonomy granted to them by the national government

Fill in the blank with correct word

Which statement best describes what E. E. Schattschneider meant by the claim that "political parties created democracy"?

a. Political parties mobilize majorities for the purpose of taking over government, which is the very definition of democracy. b. Through party platform creation, political parties give democratic voters a clear idea of the kind of people they are electing to represent them. c. In nominating candidates, political parties narrow voter choice and thus make an otherwise confusing democratic process understandable. d. By organizing the election process, political parties make it possible for voters to go to the polls and vote, thereby maintaining democracy. -